Camera recommendations

TL;DR version: best phone camera or camera <$700 US that can be taken into the wilderness? Either with a shockproof case and a lot of care, or because it is itself shock+weatherproof.

Longer version:

Hey y'all! This is a question for those who like to take fancy photos of their adventures. I'm going on my first overseas trip this year and I'm planning to do a lot of hiking (and bikepacking, and packrafting, and maybe some climbing…), and I really want to burn through some of my already rather meagre funds on a good quality camera. I've actually wanted to for a while… this is sorta just an excuse.

I'm hoping to get some advice about what I should go for. Now I know "good quality" is relative, so perhaps I should add that I can't really countenance spending more than $1000 AUD (~$700 US) on this as a whole, and for that I'd want something I can feel confident I'll use for years. I have a Galaxy s10 at the moment, and that's been the best camera I've ever had – but it still falls far short of the vast majority of what I see on social media from pro or semi-pro outdoor enthusiasts (and yes, I know that editing and skill is a huge part of it, but I'm hoping to somewhat offset the latter with technology and I already have a basic grasp of the former).

Of course I did some initial research, and I was actually pretty surprised to find that the latest phones (in particular the galaxy s23 ultra) blow many similarly priced cameras out of the park. Perhaps I was just looking at the wrong cameras? Perhaps I'm missing something about the niceties of the swappable lenses etc that proper cameras offer? I don't know so I'd love to hear your thoughts, but at this point getting a shiny new phone seems like a decent idea, with the main downside I can see being that phones are fragile little things, so I'd absolutely need a heavy duty case for it (and even then…?). Since I'd have a phone with me anyway, the weight and space saving would be a nice bonus, but I'm not fussed about carrying extra to capture the experience nicely.

And on a final note: gopro? Should that be in this convo? My experience with them was from many years ago, I'm wondering if they can fulfill a similar role these days?

Cheers for all feedback in advance!